A 44-year-old Ukrainian national was sentenced to four years in prison for his long-running participation in Conti, a ransomware group that attacked more than 1,000 organizations globally before it disbanded in 2022, the Justice Department said Thursday.
Oleksii Oleksiyovych Lytvynenko, also known as Alexsey Alexseevich Litvinenko, pleaded guilty in June to conspiracy to commit wire fraud as a result of some of those attacks. At that time, he admitted he joined the prolific cybercrime group in September 2021, developed malware and held data on 12 victims, including eight based in the United States.
“For years, the Conti ransomware group executed a sustained and sophisticated campaign that victimized hundreds of organizations across the United States and abroad, including critical infrastructure entities, causing losses in the millions of dollars,” A. Tysen Duva, assistant attorney general of the Justice Department’s criminal division, said in a statement.
“Lytvynenko joined that conspiracy as both an intruder and a developer — personally harming at least 12 companies, storing stolen data from victims, and helping build the malicious tools Conti used to extort and threaten communities,” Duva added. “Even after the Conti conspiracy ended, he continued engaging in active ransomware operations until his arrest. Cybercriminals who build, deploy, or profit from malware like Conti — no matter where they operate — will face justice and meaningful consequences in U.S. courts.”
When Lytvynenko was arrested in Ireland, where he was living with temporary protective status in July 2023, authorities said he “was asleep but within arms’ reach of an open laptop running Cobalt Strike.” He was extradited to the United States in October 2025.
Prosecutors said Lytvynenko and his co-conspirators extorted about $634,000 in Bitcoin from two victims in Tennessee, including an undisclosed government entity that resulted in the compromise of a sheriff’s department, local emergency medical services and a local police department. According to an indictment that was unsealed last fall, Lytvynenko and his co-conspirators also leaked data they stole from another Tennessee-based victim after it refused to pay a $3 million ransom demand.
Four of Lytvynenko’s alleged co-conspirators — Maksim Galochkin, Maksim Rudenskiy, Mikhail Mikhailovich Tsarev and Andrey Yuryevich Zhuykov — were indicted in 2023 in the same federal court for crimes related to their suspected involvement in Conti attacks from 2020 to 2022.
Conti was among the most active ransomware groups globally, impacting hundreds of critical infrastructure providers, Costa Rica’s government in 2022, and ultimately leading the State Department to offer a $10 million reward for information related to Conti’s leaders. The group was notoriously resilient, bouncing back with new infrastructure and hitting new targets after a massive leak exposed chats between the group’s members in 2022.
Conti disbanded later that year, but members of the Cyrillic-language group rebranded under three subgroups: Zeon, Black Basta and Quantum, which quickly rebranded to Royal, before rebranding again to BlackSuit in 2024.
“Lytvynenko and his co-conspirators used Conti ransomware to attack computers and networks in nearly every state, and today’s sentence reflects the gravity and extent of those crimes,” Brett Leatherman, assistant director of the FBI’s cyber division, said in a statement.
“Ransomware criminals should know they are not anonymous and operating from overseas does not mean operating without consequences,” he added. “The FBI and our partners will use every lawful tool to dismantle their infrastructure and bring them to justice.”