dev-main
version of visanduma/nova-two-factor
, a Packagist package with more than 700,000 cumulative downloads, as the PolinRider campaign continues to spread through compromised developer accounts and Git repositories.Operators behind PolinRider used a compromised GitHub account to plant malware in four development versions of a Packagist package with 700,000+ downloads.
Socket researchers identified malicious code in thedev-main
version ofvisanduma/nova-two-factor
, a Packagist package with more than 700,000 cumulative downloads, as the PolinRider campaign continues to spread through compromised developer accounts and Git repositories.
The Socket Threat Research Team continues to track malicious activity associated with PolinRider. In our July research post, we provided initial technical details about this persistent campaign, which distributes malware across npm, PyPI, Go modules, Packagist, and Chrome extensions. We also documented its expansion into the Packagist ecosystem. Among the latest affected projects is visanduma/nova-two-factor
, a Packagist package with more than 700,000 cumulative downloads. The malicious code is present in the unstable dev-*
versions; no stable malicious release has been identified at the time of writing. This distinction limits conclusions about exposure through normal stable package installation, but users consuming the development branches directly may be affected.
Analysis of the Visanduma GitHub organization indicates that its repositories have been compromised since mid-June 2026. The malicious changes were introduced through the LaHiRu
developer account. Public contribution activity shows hundreds of contributions to private repositories after the account was compromised, preventing researchers from determining the campaign’s full repository-level reach.
The activity reinforces a defining characteristic of PolinRider: package-registry compromise is often a consequence of a broader Git-based intrusion rather than the campaign’s primary objective. The operators use ordinary source-code collaboration to reach developer environments, spread into additional repositories, and maintain access over time.
PolinRider is designed to blend into routine development activity. The operators compromise developer accounts, insert malicious content into source repositories, and use common actions—cloning a repository, opening it in an integrated development environment (IDE), or running a normal build or test—to begin the infection chain.
The campaign repeatedly uses four techniques:
.woff2
fonts, locations developers are less likely to inspect during code review."runOn": "folderOpen"
in .vscode/tasks.json
, triggering code when a developer opens the repository in a VS Code–compatible IDE.PHP projects have been recurring targets of PolinRider, but earlier infections generally crossed ecosystem boundaries by planting malicious JavaScript in project configuration files. Socket researchers recently identified a variation in which heavily obfuscated JavaScript was inserted directly into index.php
and executed through PHP’s shell_exec
function.
This technique allows a PHP entry point to launch the JavaScript infection chain directly. Its appearance suggests that the operators adapt execution methods to the opportunities available in each compromised project rather than relying on one fixed delivery path.
Many software supply-chain attacks prioritize rapid distribution: compromise a popular package, publish a malicious version, and reach as many downstream users as possible before defenders respond. PolinRider follows a slower model.
The campaign’s primary spread channel is developer collaboration in Git-based services. Compromised source repositories give the operators opportunities to infect contributors, access private projects, and propagate through normal development workflows. Package publication becomes an additional distribution path when a compromised repository produces a new release.
Go modules and Packagist can resolve code directly from Git repositories. That behavior allows malicious source code already planted in a repository to become available through another ecosystem without requiring the operators to steal registry publishing credentials or tokens.
The visanduma/nova-two-factor
compromise fits this pattern. Malicious code is present on dev-main
, but no stable malicious version has been released at the time of writing. The operators appear willing to maintain access and wait for routine developer or release activity to carry the payload forward.
The campaign’s complete impact remains difficult to measure. GitHub code search reflects current public repository state and therefore misses at least three important categories:
Cleaning the source repository also does not establish that affected workstations or CI environments are clean. Once a later-stage payload executes, the host may remain compromised independently of the repository. Public reports from affected developers describe difficulty removing later-stage components, consistent with the campaign’s persistent design.
The campaign’s apparent primary objective remains cryptocurrency theft. The broader information-stealing capabilities of the delivered malware may also expose credentials, source code, and other data useful to the operators.
visanduma/nova-two-factor
from dev-main
until the repository is confirmed clean. Pin dependencies to a reviewed, known-good commit or stable release according to organizational policy..vscode/tasks.json
entries, especially "runOn": "folderOpen"
; modified build or test configuration; executable content in .woff2
files; and shell_exec
calls that launch Node.js or decoded commands.PolinRider’s persistence comes from its integration with ordinary development activity. The campaign does not depend on one package, one registry, or one short-lived payload. It uses Git-hosted collaboration as both its foothold and its distribution mechanism, while adapting execution techniques to individual projects.
The latest Packagist finding demonstrates why defenders should not measure this campaign solely by visible malicious package releases or current public-code search results. Its reach includes source history, private repositories, developer identities, and endpoints that may remain infected after the public code has been cleaned.
A major disruption of the North Korea-linked operators associated with this campaign appears unlikely in the near term. PolinRider is therefore unlikely to disappear. Instead, the campaign will likely continue to evolve and adopt increasingly sophisticated techniques.
Socket’s Threat Research Team will continue monitoring PolinRider and will update the indicators and affected-project scope as additional evidence becomes available.
visanduma/nova-two-factor@dev-nova4support
visanduma/nova-two-factor@dev-main
visanduma/nova-two-factor@dev-using-inertia
visanduma/nova-two-factor@dev-nova5
0xa322E5f3D311D3080e6f0121063e9aDC2490Ef1a
193[.]247[.]144[.]38
166[.]88[.]73[.]46
166[.]88[.]134[.]62
23[.]27[.]13[.]135
7d47c430e6e404dc2fa8b4837678d1cbdb4d0aeacec9b405655cab79d54a2ad9
- tailwind.config.js
b7ede935d4979146b55f12b9eec7c83b61962b478f5dc9b8db251e539ec2abd3
- tailwind.config.js
ccb187dc9de0cc7477c9817ae53365d273e121407c0305f863e2ab67c35d6395
- tailwind.config.js
139ea03dcddf4aa810d55740be3cf6c92ce7a9f3cbcbbb35440e25b769a87683
- tailwind.config.js
515a53291d25d229e1f9fa72e66407e1cfd7e77c91478400b24d5185af68531a
- tailwind.config.js
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